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Civil Engg Publications (2)

Civil Engg DOI: JACO-2026-0034 Vol. 5, Issue 3

THERMAL STABILITY OF A FLUID LAYER IN A VARIABLE GRAVITATIONAL FIELD IN POROUS MEDIUM

The instability of a heated layer of viscous fluid in porous medium confined between two horizontal planes and subjected to variables gravitational field varying spatially with height is investigated. For a layer confined between two stress free boundaries, irrespective of whether gravitational acceleration is increasing or decreasing with height. It is shown that (i) the principal of exchange of stabilities is valid, when it is heated from below, & (ii) the layer is stable when it is heated from above. In the latter case, the complex growth rate of an arbitrary oscillatory mode lies out side of a circle whose radius depends on the wavelength of the mode and the Prandle Number of the fluid but not on the Rayleigh Number. The underlying characterize value problem is solve approximately for a linearly varying gravity and stress free boundaries. Is is found that in the case of a layer heated from below, gravity increasing upward is a destabilizing influence, and also, we get increases of Rayleigh Number with the increasing of Permeability Constant. Critical Wave Number (ac ) decreases with the increases of gravity parameter in magnetic field at constant permeability constant.

D
Dr. Arun Kumar Varshney
Civil Engg DOI: JACO-2026-0013 Vol. 10, Issue 1

Retrofitting of Earthquake damaged R.C.C Structure

The aim of this study is to retrofit an earthquake damaged structure using different materials. The structure is named as model A which is 5 storey’s. Model A was designed as per the gravity loads but when analyzed for seismic loads using STADD Pro v8i the columns of ground storey failed which means the structure cannot withstand future earthquakes. The loading of the building is kept the same but it is retrofitted using three materials that are steel, concrete, fibre reinforced polymer. Nomenclature of building is done as when bracing is done in middle columns of all exterior portion of building it is termed as MODEL ‘B’ as shown in figure. When steel bracing is provided in all edges of building as shown in figure it is termed as MODEL ‘C’, when bracing is provided central columns of building in XY direction, and in corner in YZ direction it is termed as MODEL ‘D’ as shown in figure. Three types of steel bracing are used: ISMC 225, ISMC 350, and ISMC 300. Total 11 models were analyzed, 9 were for steel bracing, one for fiber reinforced polymer plate, one for concrete jacketing. The displacements, storey drift, axial forces were compared between original structure and retrofitted model. Analysis is done using STAAD Pro v8i with hinged support. Grade of concrete used is M25 and the grade of steel used is Fe 415

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Anubha Gupta